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thinking of the myth

A new light in the sky of thought appears in the form Spuras Martin, who with his brilliant debut The victim refused of Prometheus, a groundbreaking contribution to the interpretation of mythical images of thought and intellectual history of the West does.

Spura is making in his book nothing less than a reconstruction of the crossroads and breaks in the development of consciousness of the West, which opens in a clear, formulated philosophical perspective, like the present humanity can get out of the impasses in which it has fallen by this development. Central to his investigation, which borrowed as much to the conceptual language of Heidegger as the thought forms of anthroposophy, a philosophical meditation is about the nature of sacrifice and myth. Spura developed a completely new shape - like new in comparison with the approaches of other mythographers 20th Century - the myth to think, which is neither symbolic nor naturalistic, but simply spiritual. The myth is an image of the real story. This story is primarily spiritual and consciousness story. The images of myth, whose meaning he entbirgt describe this very spirit and history of consciousness and embrace a period of millennia. They reach far back in time without writing and have the same degree imminent future of humanity. They relate as much our present. They contain not only information about the history of humanity as a collective, but also descriptions of mental processes that took place in each individual and still play.

is not only the myth thus receives a whole new meaning - which in truth only his forgotten is old, eternal - but also the revealed religions, especially Christianity, which can be thought of as a necessary consequence of the developments described by the myth. The truth of Christianity can be thought , as well as the truth of the myth. They are not mutually opposed. They are also not opposed to philosophy. Rather, the philosophy is to turn its back end to the myth, in order to have it a revival. What the geniuses of the German Frühidealismus have formulated a program will be redeemed by Spura possible in a broad sense, that philosophy must be re-mythology, while retaining the clarity of the concept and the rational form.

All of Spura studied myths describe the relations of men to the gods and the changes of these relations. The emergence of the rational mind, philosophy and science two and a half millennia is the result of actions of the gods, who initiated those enormous change in the consciousness of Western man, by which they were drowned himself: by which they vanished gradually from the consciousness of humanity, to live on in the unconscious depths of human souls. Not only in the Greek myth goes Spura the certificates of these upheavals, but also in Germanic. The story of Prometheus, the fate of Tantalus, the Demeter and Persephone, of Apollo and Dionysus, the Edda, the Nibelungen, Beowulf and Parzival make each of different points of the same operations or specific aspects of these processes dar. Prometheus brought the humanity that the light of consciousness and Sciences and entbarg in this way beings, he covered both the gods - the being - from the people. In the figures of Dionysus and Apollo, in the fortunes of Demeter and Persephone, of Orestes and Iphigenia was preparing to overcome before the awareness of these historical episodes Prometheustat. The captive in the Caucasus and the hope of the Pandora experience a new and profound light. The fate of Baldur and tell the tales of the twilight of the gods, albeit from a different perspective, from the advent of the rational, conceptual view of the world and the possibilities of overcoming them.

testified in a very different kind of Job, the relationship of man to God. His assurance of salvation and his confidence that his redeemer lives, represent a major step in the development of knowledge of the people of God and of himself dar. appears in it from the history of Judaism, a burgeoning relationship of humanity to the wisdom, to Sophia, which can only develop in the coming year with the involvement of thousands of real historical consequences of the Incarnation.

The alchemy of the Middle Ages and the "Aurora Consurgens of Thomas' Aquinas Spura obtained by a unique depth of interpretation, which is proving its relevance to the present, finally, the Rosicrucian mystery and the Isis-Osiris-Horus myth, which is reflected in the immediate present.

The impending transformation of Western consciousness is to win but not without a confrontation with evil. In many forms of the myth speaks of the evil that prevails in the deep layers of being and the human soul, and in modern times, especially in the presence of a new phenomenon takes shape. With impressive precision and clarity Spura characterizes the configurations of this man- created evil in the end are united international scientific rationality and the sham real structures of a second nature, which becomes detached from their producers in the technomorphic layers of existence. What in the realms of technical artifacts in the cyber world and the global information systems is taking shape is a specifically modern manifestation of evil that threatens the people in their being. While the man in the image of the divine archetype, the potential inside her, by returning to the divine wisdom and love, the gap between itself and its origin to overcome, tears in the "images of images of a new ontological shift" going on by humans, which threatens to drag him with her into an abyss of illusion and death, from which there is no escape. Spura offers in his analysis, a myth fed by the philosophy of technology, which relates to Heidegger, but far extends beyond it. This is also the place where he dealt with the temptations and aberrations Sloterdijk and his praise of self-modeling technomorphic of man.

out the future path of the West through the redemption of evil. Only the integration of the shadow figures that have emerged out of a man whose transformation through love, will also deliver the forged in the Caucasus Western intellect. The ratio must be life-destroying love to be redeemed, the powers of the heart must be included in the intellect, the thinking has to verchristlichen when the threat of Apocalypse is to be averted. Finally, throw

Spuras analysis, a completely new light on the greatest crimes of the 20th Century, the Holocaust, the Nazis and communism. Impressively, he argues that the deeper will of Nazism and communism, the totalitarian will, which alienated the people being and propels him into the sacrifice of others, is by no means overcome. The dehumanizing political religions of the 20th Century, which brought hecatombs victim to self to get in power, from the oblivion of being and the denial emerged of self-sacrifice, they continue to dominate in metamorphosed form the companies that allegedly emerged from overcoming them. Economism, consumerism and technocracy, which have taken the place of the totalitarian systems are based, and also to the oblivion of being and the denial of self-sacrifice as that. The danger that threatens us is, however, much harder to detect because it is obscured by illusions. In the re-emergence of eugenics and medical practice of selection is becoming apparent that the repressed and seemingly vanquished returns.

Humanity stands at a crossroads. Either way it sets the continued refusal of the victim, or it is able to align themselves with the models, a different kind of myth. He tells of the search for the divine Sophia, the love that redeems the evil. He tells of the voluntary adoption and transformation of the shadow of the death and resurrection, which can result from the abandonment of the already fleeting. He tells of how the fire of the heart saved the intellect of the people and the gods themselves alienated. The myth will be considered. He is not a vanquished stage of development, but the continued flowing source of being, from which we draw our life. He is concerned, it can us not fall back into a world of the irrational, but just keep us from such a relapse, which is that we succumb to the unexposed myths of rationalism. This promises us the Promethean light of knowledge, without the redeeming and reconciling love of Persephone. He wants us to believe in this light alone lies our salvation. That is not true, this already shows the fate of Tantalus.

Lorenzo Ravagli

Martin Spura, refused the sacrifice of Prometheus: The Ariadne thread of Western intellectual development

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"A return to the myth may well be appropriate"

Paul Feyerabend's "natural philosophy"

Lorenzo Ravagli

Paul Feyerabend, a leading philosopher of science of the 20th Century, deals in his posthumous fragment of a natural philosophy with the relationship between myth and logos. This relationship is "one of the great themes of the philosophy of the twentieth century and the present. It is by no means been settled that the transition from the 'mythical \u0026lt;to> logical \u0026lt;written level of consciousness, as reflected in the Greece of the 7th to 5 century BC, occurred actually happened. "(Timo Kölling Leopold Ziegler, a key figure within the thinking of Ernst Juenger and Friedrich Georg Jünger ).

Similar Steiner in 1895 in his book, Goethe's belief , Feyerabend sees in the philosophy of Parmenides the beginning of a centuries-long odyssey of Western thought. "A true odyssey must pass through the mind, a long chain of errors, before it again approaches the real world and recognize the traits in her, have described the creation and development of myths, once so lively. The odyssey begins with Parmenides ... Parmenides is the man of steady and purely descriptive rather than conceptually formulated laws Sequences of events and uses the so-reality and world experience, thought and perception, knowledge, and act decisively separated from each other ... Him the science of faith owes an eternal laws and the axiomatic representation, which is now regarded as the general basis of understanding "Not much different from Steiner wrote in 1895:". In a fateful moment in a Greek thinker from a motion seized in the human sense organs. He began to believe that these institutions to the people the truth about supply, but that they deceive him ... It will be hard to tell in which his head firmly sat down this mistrust first. We met him in the Eleatic school of philosophy ... As the most important figure of this school appears Parmenides. For he has learned with a focus like no one before him that there are two sources of human knowledge. He explained that the impressions of the senses are lying and deception, and that man come to understand the true only by pure thought, referring to the experience no consideration could. By the way this view appears on the thinking and sensory experience in Parmenides, had many subsequent philosophies instilled a developing illness from which the Postdoctoral education today. Suffers "

Parmenides turned away, according to Feyerabend, the mythical world view that even in Hesiod Cosmogony be seen. In this world view are not only the animal and plant kingdom, but also the people and the cosmos terms of evolution, which nothing escapes. Space, time and material change with the laws which they determine creative transformations are commonplace. Each part of the world has a story that explains its own structure, developmental series combine the living and inanimate, scattered and overall lead of cosmic disasters stages of sleep, in which hold enormous forces disrupting the balance to other disasters, caused by a fault the equilibrium state. "Train to train," so Feyerabend, "repeated the modern Cosmogony and cosmology ... the general principles of the ancient mythical theories, and even the modern theory of catastrophes and in between finds balance lying in the story of the titanic struggle and the taming ... the Titans by a mighty God ... a mythological analogy. "Even the animation of the world, the existence of creative power in the non-living matter, the subject always in continuous flow of new forms in this world, a basic understanding of the myth," is now recognized finally as a right. "

This idea of implicit knowledge of myth, to which the scientific development leads to long detours first finds, are also at Steiner. In 1906, he remarked in a lecture: "The real myths come from the insiders as the creation ... And they turn to the myths, they have their terms by, today's science. In science they confront the same truths - the truths of evolution contained in the myths. Therefore, the remarkable consistency of the development concept is understood more deeply with the most ancient teachings of mankind. (GA 96, p. 137, 1906)

The parallels could still pursue, such as when comparing the views of Aristotle by both authors, who would preserve the Western philosophy, according to Steiner before Parmenides Errors can and took from the perspective of Feyerabend's the "grand experiment" to build a cosmology, "which all hold very close to the view that the arguments of Parmenides is just, and yet rich enough to the many new facts" research record in itself. Similar is the interpretation of Bacon by the two thinkers.

Only in the course of the 20th Century, so Feyerabend, one has again seen, "has the idea of an immutable law or of an absolutely stable element only approximate validity, that the basic form of matter is the movement that this movement encompasses all areas of life, Revitalized connects with inanimate, and that the universe as a whole with all its laws it is subject. All these ideas are expressed in Hesiod will not be surpassed clarity "This view of the abysmal dynamic structure of reality, Steiner brought in connection with Goethe in 1890 expressed". The sensible world is the sum of the metamorphosierender perceptual content without an underlying matter ". (Read about it in his introductions to Goethe's scientific writings ).

a clear plea contains incommensurate Feyerabend's study to the recognition of the mathematical and rational interpretation of the world, but none the less original Form of reality experience of the mythical consciousness, "swarming of the world, intervention of the gods, 'openness' of mental life are not the prejudices or errors or results of a superficial approach, they are clearly identifiable parts of the world experience and their elimination is the removal of important knowledge. "The world, Feyerabend," appears to these early thinkers really as a 'you' and not as an 'It', the sky is \u0026lt; a 'picture book and not' a 'arithmetic book, every phenomenon described is> \u0026lt;present > is perceived, "and treated accordingly."

The fragment ends with a visionary outlook. In the presence of a new natural philosophy and science in the making. In it, the means of scientific research to facilitate a process used to "man and nature to a higher, but not totlitären unit merges. In this process, man loses his freedom or even that level of knowledge he needs to address its problems in an ever changing social and natural environment. Yet even he wins this knowledge to the exclusion of broad areas of his humanity and rape of nature that surrounds him. Sympathy with this natural, intuitive understanding of the manifold Life they contain, full development of self are essential parts of the new philosophical and mythological science, that we now only dimly on the horizon. "

What envision the philosophers of science here is nothing other than that the form of a spiritualized science Anthroposophy seeks: a synthesis of logos and myth merge in subjectivity and objectivity, image and concept, life and reflection to a new higher unity.

Literature:
Paul Feyerabend, natural philosophy
Timo Kölling, Leopold Ziegler: A key figure within the thinking of Ernst and Friedrich Georg Jünger
Lorenzo Ravagli, rise to the myth: a way to heal the soul in an apocalyptic time

This is a feed of Anthro.Blog. Current events from an anthroposophic perspective.

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National Socialism as the unleashing of a mass pathology

By Lorenzo Ravagli.

excerpt from the book Under Hammer and swastika, Stuttgart 2004th

Steiner repeatedly pointed out the dangerousness and the perishability of ethnic nationalism in the scale, intellectual and political development, which began to emerge for him before the First World War. Just one example from a lecture of 1918: "It is one and the same word: the \u0026lt;Geschlecht> that contain related family, blood relatives, and that which is ratio of male and female ... These things have coarsens ... is backwardness among others, the desires and emotional hang at the National. Hanging at the National, the chauvinistic insistence on the National, which is the remaining balance ... What is expressed in the national pathos? When man developed national pathos ... that lives in this national pathos ...? exactly the same thing that lives in sexuality, sexual only in a different way, in the national pathos again in another way. It is the sexual man who lives out by these two different poles. to be jingoistic, you might say, is nothing but develop moderate group sex. [italics was] one could say where the sexual essences, in which what they have left behind, take the people more, there is more national chauvinism there, for it is the same power that lies in the propagation, which is in the national pathos expressed ... much more than people believe, is present in today's catastrophic events of sexual impulses ...! Because the impetus to what is happening today, lie, some very, very deep. Such truths may

in our presence no longer be kept under lock and key. ... Today ... there is the appeal to the merely Nationale, the chauvinist appeals to the merely national, that is the assertion of one in the eminently Psycho-sexual, a retarded Luciferian impulse. "

early 1917 Steiner the" Spirits of Darkness "since the mid-19th Century in the subconscious mind of Western man had characterized in the context of national chauvinism, "is more than you think ... the problem of nationality to relate to the sexual problem. Because the membership of the folklore is based on the same Organ basis - the ganglia system - which also is based on the sexual. That's outside to understand the mere fact that one belongs to his nationality by birth, so far as it is aged in the mother of a particular people ... As you can see, by which, I might say, soul under terrestrial surfaces just the nationality problem already with the sex problem related. And so is the layout so much in common between these two pulses of life. who has only eyes open for the life that is immensely find much in common between the way in which the human being activated off the erotic out, and how it operated in he belongs to folklore. ... The excitement in nature, acting unconsciously particularly strong, ... are closely related to the sexual excitement. would One must not, ignore things like the fact that one out of certain illusions and longings out an emotional kind of national feeling to make a quite make sense and make the sexual instinct to a pretty little ... "

Welch explosive mixture from misguided religious devotion, desire for sexual ecstasy and nationalism led to demonstrated to the excess of the National Socialist regime. This concentrated all religious aspirations and libidinal desires finally to a single person who puts it all together in what seemed at the time of importance. The ingenious formula in their own way, "One people, one empire, one leader" these Nazis brought synthesis to the point.

this mass psychological and even political-religious aspect of National Socialism themed Joachim C. Fest, Hitler in his 1973 biography, published in greater detail. Establishes: "The connection is too obvious to be ignored: it allows it to interpret the rhetorical triumph of Hitler as a substitute actions ineffective current sexuality. Probably not without a deeper reason Hitler used the mass by definition \u0026lt;dem Weibe> equate, and it requires only a glance at the relevant pages of his book wake Mein Kampf , to the highly erotic fervor, the idea and concept of mass in it ... to see what this contact impaired people, lonely in the ever-seeking coveted collective associations, high on the stage of its mass, sought and found: In a revealing phrase he then also, if we may believe the source, his \u0026lt;einzige Braut> called "

While these rates more point to the individual psychology of Hitler, whose". ineffective current sexuality "in whipping up mass emotion and the ecstasies of devotion, its fulfillment, his almost mystical fusion with "the people" was to describe the following, the other side: "The irresistible his instinctive rhetorical self-discharge did not last just so that they enervated in the continuing of the emergency, to a few basic needs reduced, just \u0026lt;triebhaft> reacting mass audience found an equally tuned. The sounds of the time give the peculiar adult Kopulationscharakter of events per year again: the atemverhaltende silence at the beginning, the short-pitched screams, the increases and the first sounds of the exemption amount, after the intoxication of new growth and then the ecstatic raptures in the face the last inhibitions then flowing Redeorgasmen: the poet René Schickele spoke occasionally by the speeches of Hitler \u0026lt;the, such as lust murders sind>, and many other contemporary observers, the sharp, sensual, charged fluid of these demonstrations ... to take up the vocabulary of Walpurgis Night and Blocksberg tries . »

celebration goes even further. In his description of the Nazi mass meetings, he draws on concepts of demonology and suggested that Hitler had taken during his speeches "by a spirit." "An interruption could then inspire him abruptly to an answer, a climactic note, until the first eagerly awaited applause aufbrandete, which gave him contact him ecstatically, increased \u0026lt;after and about fifteen minutes here> occurs, as one contemporary observer remarked \u0026lt;what, only with the old image of primitive drives say lässt: The Ghost in ihn> . Citing "

the American journalist HR Knickerbocker, who witnessed a mass meeting in Munich was, dare hard even to speak of obsession :" In such mergers could he \u0026lt;'s own neurosis to experience as a general truth, and the collective neurosis to become the sounding board of their own obsession.> "The National Socialist Movement was just so hard, much more of a "charismatic" as an "ideological movement", "the mass of Hitler's success was primarily a psychological phenomenon of religion." The almost mystical relationship that Hitler combined with its mass audience, was constitutive for the strengthening of its own conviction of the chosen people. What he wore against his followers, the unconditional submission and adoration, which again strengthened him to be in his view, the exquisite, charismatic leader of a chosen nation, a chosen race.

Already the end of 1922, Rudolf Hess was in an essay for a competition the University of Munich Trains Hitler portrayed and the expectations expressed that linked his Paladins with his future work, when he wrote: "He is Germany bring back to reason as the doctor the half insane - if necessary, pants with brutal violence ... The people for a real leaders, free from all Parteigefeilsche, for a pure leader with inner truth [sic] ... power of his speech he leads, like Mussolini, the workers to ruthless nationalism ... At every opportunity, the leader demonstrates his courage. This gives the organized power blindvertrauende devotion ; through them he gains the dictatorship. If the emergency so requires, he is not afraid to shed blood . ... He has reached solely in mind his goal he stomps attending is not afraid of his closest friends across ... The pre-existing with a deterrent hardness lawmakers shrink from that which the best parts of the people abandon the hunger, Snap and usurers, to punish with death ... A terrible punishment will befall the traitor to the nation before, during and after the war ... So we have the image of the dictator: dominated by sharp mind, clear and true, passionate, and again , cold and bold, purposeful be weighed in the decision uncontrollably rapid in execution, ruthless against themselves and others, mercilessly hard and again soft in the love of his people , indefatigable in labor, last with a steel fist in the velvet glove, able to to defeat itself. [Italics was] »

Apart from the last illusion that Hitler was able to defeat themselves - unless you can see in Hitler's suicide such an act of" Selbstbesiegung - to take the enumerated Hess attributes with an almost prophetic clairvoyance the later work of the dictator in advance. Not difficult to let the various stages of its rise and its parallel development of the Nazi reign of terror interpreted as a realization of the outlined by Hess expectations: the power of speech, uninhibited national chauvinism, the hopes and the hatred of the masses ecstatic, the blind devotion of his paladins, of his party and later, large parts of the nation's willingness to shed blood, the way there pounding over the next few friends in the coup against the SA leadership, the eradication of the "Jewish slide and usurers," the terrible punishment of the "traitors" "during and after the war " by industrialized mass murder, the unrestrained , harried frenzy of genocidal extermination campaign until the last days of the war, the ruthless submission of oneself, one's own and other peoples under a relentless will to power, the more by him as unfolded from it , the steel fist that swept away all resistance with military force, and ultimately a willingness to subject the people, the mystical bride, the apotheosis of self-destruction with hinabzureißen into the abyss. The

appointed by Hitler as propaganda minister Goebbels would later nourish these religious expectations systematically, until he himself at the he fed delusion believed that Hitler was the savior of the Germans. He already wrote on 20/09/1924 in Freiheitspartei about Hitler: "Not the mass with the idea of the future in himself, but the strong individual who has the courage and the will to live and to victims. The mass is dead, how they can give birth to new life? But the strong man, lives. He has life and life forms. He has awaken to the power dead [!]. We have to come to believe in this force and to trust her to serve her willingly and unselfishly. "Not coincidentally religious metaphors he was quoting him in the public" as "prophets," as "idol, as "Messiah". Central to the Nazi cult leader the deification of a man and not the deification of man. This guide was, however, allegedly with his people a "chosen unity": Hitler was to that "strong from the top," whose arrival Guido was announced by List, he was the figure who was able to enrapture the masses to storm the collective enthusiasm, for he "spake as a dragon" and his mouth swelled the stench of blasphemy of lying, drove like an invigorating breath in the amount of wobbling. Not coincidentally, Hitler attacked in special moments blasphemous to religious formulas to to characterize the shape of the mystical union that united him and his followers. So he called in 1936 to at the high priestly prayer of John's Gospel anklingenden words SA-nationals: "Everything that you are, you're with me, and everything I am, I am only through you alone."

It is shocking to see that Steiner described in 1916, the satanic path that the nationalist movement was preparing, with its cult of the leader and the evocation of the blood community to embark himself by juxtaposing these deification of a human the manner in which the modern humanity is called upon in a timely manner set in relation to Christ: "The Christ asks in effect: If you gegenübertrittst a human, then you should watch it so that the one than what it appears to you in the outside world, not the whole, full person is ... You have to be clear about that with each man confronts us something , the supernatural and earthly nature is human resources can not be conceived. then turns those intimate reverence for every human being a human ... especially because at the moment - you probably take this sentence - where can a man like a Roman Caesar worship as God, he loses his humanity and sinks down into barbarity. He ceases to be a man if he can worship as something more than human in social life. [italics was]. "

While the Germans more and more began to long for the fall in a racial group that large of a leader who should be guided by a" People's Emperor, "said Steiner, which he covets social renewal could only result from the initiatives of individuals and their free concentration. For the initiation science "turns absolutely accessible only to the individual. ... You must speak so that it speaks to each individual and that of the persuasive power [meaning Judgement] every individual calls ... This is also an important social principle given ... If you only with ethical, will appeal to moral impulses of the individual ... then can not be summed up groups of people like herd animals , to give them any kind of common directive ... on a different principle than this ... can the social morality of the future are not well founded ... "

The absolute opposite of the desired Steiner social order is the ethnic collectivism that really the case - as Steiner 1920 runs -, "if it should not be able to make the people to real people, that is, if people do \u0026lt;Untermenschen> well be, if they want to be entirely held together under such terms as the members of a group of animals are kept together. ... but the development of humanity is asking that human groups, whether among blood Organisation bands still to be organized in the future, even under ideal organization gangs are like sheep flocks, but that actually what created by the combination of humanity, out of the power of individuality happens. [italics was] »

But we turn to analysis of the oratorical festival Action of the German dictator back. He summarized his remarks in the following sentence: "Never again were longing for redemption, personal consciousness, charismatic conversion force, the utmost effort towards a goal and belief in their own chosenness in front of a pathetic misery backdrop to so \u0026lt;alchemistischen> compound together" as in Hitler's work as tribune. The fatigue, the "peculiar state of staggering dullness term," in his speeches, Hitler fell into disrepair after rounds, after the firm view "Ausschweifungscharakter" of Hitler's speeches from the first. Unfortunately, he pursued this idea further, for he would have him for the inclusion the unconscious magical aspect of National Socialism led, for the Steiner brought the clearer and unequivocal terms, for which the concept of possession is known not merely "primitive painting" was, but a spiritual reality. After all, has fixed his eyes with his comments directed at a fact which can be understood through an analysis of the first truly liberal arts.

This analysis is in outline before since 1947. Karl Heyer, in his study on essence and will of National Socialism examined the psychopathological nature of this intellectual and political movement and trained by their objective structures in detail. We take this approach only his thoughts on the psychopathology of totalitarian consciousness. In his view, this pathology has a mass of individual psychology and a psychological dimension.

National Socialism as a form of totalitarianism is a fight against the human ego to comprehend, as the disintegration of the human soul. The ego of man, the highest moral authority, the seat of freedom and active source of knowledge, whose role is to exercise dominion over the soul forces of thinking, feeling and willing, was dethroned in the National Socialist systematically. The "leader" himself, the incarnation of the popular will stylized Saviour and Redeemer, "no body had to the human ego. He was "a madman". The cult of Entichung and obsession was expressed in the language of National Socialism as well as in its political and social manifestations. Hitler welcomed him "expire" the German people, "obsession" has received a high ethical value, as the "fanaticism" and the "blind obedience".

The deepest essence of National Socialism reveals Heyer for his basic view that the human ego is only determined from outside and determined: blood and soil, heredity and environment. This led to that education in training wrong, that information has been replaced by propaganda and lies that the penalty took the place of free choice. The creation of fear was the main weapon of the regime. "The epitome and rallying point of all these types of fear arousal [was] the concentration camp, the actual direct foundation on which rested the whole system," If the ego is suppressed, then become independent of the powers of the soul, the mind is raped by the will, the feeling is expelled, and the will is rampant.

In rape of thought by the will Heyer looks almost the "psychological primary phenomenon of National Socialism." The will (of fanaticism, passion, desire) wrote to the thinking set the tone and makes people unfree. The "unbridled intolerance" is elevated to the ruling principle, a short path leads from the intellectual intolerance to physical murder, which forms by untiring propaganda bred racial hatred the spiritual germ of the later "horrific mass murder practice in Auschwitz and other extermination camps." If the will violated the thinking, then take the "natural desire" of human thought. The results are illusions that have accepted the Nazi gigantic proportions, to delusions, indeed, made progress, "the age of madness." This madness spread through large parts of the people and constituted the specific "mass madness" of the Third Reich, the Master Race, the leader of madness, the national megalomania. Between the illusion that the rose to madness, and the lie of man shuttled back and forth: illusion, madness and lies are the psychopathology of thought. Psychopatholoie This is a consequence of "dethronement of logic," Steiner diagnosed in 1901 as a psychological original sin of anti-Semitism.

The psychopathology of feeling is reflected in the distraction and expulsion of feeling . In the distraction of worship feelings slip values: in the Hitler cult, national heroism, in the alternative religion of blood and soil. The expulsion of feeling is reflected in the eradication of pity and compassion for the suffering people. Both had brutalization and Primitivierung of feeling the effect. The emotional void that was created by the suppression of all the subtle emotions was by "sub-human intoxication" and "paroxysms of hate" filled in as they once held in the Party days and public consecration ceremonies. Finally, the obsession is itself a result of the elimination of emotional life. Obsession, however, presupposes a power or an agent that is able to take possession. In the mental Empty occurs, "a strange spiritual power of demonic nature is." The demon that fills the soul, created in their fanaticism.

The will, however, who has wrested the dominion of the ego is, unruly and unrestrained. Hitler himself had announced the seizure of power, that his will would be "unmanageable." The "unleashing frenetic energy of will" characterized the whole National Socialist movement. This will was a will but without ego, without moral authority. He was so powerful because it "lacked the inhibitions healthy thinking" the. From the hypertrophy of the will ', there is the unrestrained impulse, the other with all possible means of influencing and directing force. " The resources for this purpose will be the magic of the propaganda, the suggestion that the constant repetition of the image, the preudoreligiösen cult. The will of the ego and not restrained by the will of criminal thinking. "Destruction of gigantic proportions" were the result. They began "in the spirit" with "moral devastation," with the "rule of the primitive", they changed "in the political whole of Germany into a single huge prison or concentration camp ..." The Psychopathology of National Socialism in thinking characterized by paranoia, the feeling by obsession and in the will of the crime. to overthrow the German people into madness, obsession and crime, and bring them through it, "death and destruction" in the world was the target of that demonic powers that had the Nazis.

The comments and evidence found in the print edition.

Lorenzo Ravagli, Under Hammer and swastika. The struggle of the populist-Nazi movement against anthroposophy

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